One cup (152 g) of watermelon contains 46 calories, 1 gram of protein, 12 grams of carbs, and less than 1 gram of fiber and fats (26).During pregnancy, a woman should increase her intake of fluids to support blood circulation, amniotic . Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. However, pregnancy isnt the time to mess around with your health, so we take the conservative approach and recommend opting for organic fruit to stay as safe as possible if you can afford it. Paternity Leave: Dads, Its Time to Take-Off! Improves Eyesight Bestowed with profuse amounts of vitamin A, ambarella fruits can be consumed regularly as part of the diet to help promote healthy eyesight in children and adults. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Certain foods can be very harmful for pregnant women and their babies. Consuming turmeric in pregnancy is a debated subject. Many medical professionals agree that pineapple is safe to eat in moderation and is packed with beneficial nutrients. Instead of water, you can use vinegar. It is well known that many fruits contain a lot of sugar, which can be problematic for pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. So make sure the fruit juice you consume has been pasteurised. . They are filling, have a satisfying texture that can cure those high-fat cravings, and contain calcium and potassium, which can help ward off those middle-of-the-night leg cramps. Berries lose their original flavour and nutrients when they are frozen, and eating them can be toxic for both you and your unborn child. At first, the June Plum is green with a hard, crunchy flesh. Calcium (1,300 milligrams for ages 14 to 18; 1,000 milligrams for ages 19 to 50) Builds strong bones and teeth. Canned fruits are a great way to get nutrients when fresh fruit isnt in season. Rarely, food poisoning affects the baby, too. Reiland, H., & Slavin, J. Dried fruit is super yummy, but thats because the sugar is also concentrated. A miscarriage, preterm birth, and even cell damage to the foetus can result from, Although dates are full of vitamins and other essential nutrients, pregnant women are frequently told to avoid eating them. Though tamarind may come to mind right away when you have a tangy craving during pregnancy, this fruit actually has more negative effects than positive ones. However, some fish and shellfish contain potentially dangerous levels of mercury. Maternal micronutrient deficiency, fetal development, and the risk of chronic disease. Wash fruit thoroughly, even if its prewashed. Ambarella definition, Otaheite apple. Or stick with the fruits listed on the clean fifteen list (5): Pretty much no fresh, ripe fruits are off-limits when youre pregnant. Eating ambarellas may help women during the last stages of pregnancy.. Spondias dulcis ( syn. The advice for pregnant women is to eat at least five portions of fresh fruit and vegetables each day and to vary these as much as possible. What you eat during pregnancy is important for your health, as well as the health of your baby. Please take a moment to view my Patreon page and learn how you can help my series grow! Although dates are full of vitamins and other essential nutrients, pregnant women are frequently told to avoid eating them. A baby born with vitamin A deficiency may have lower immunity and a higher risk of postnatal complications, such as respiratory infections. ex Parkinson., Proceedings of the Research Symposium of Uva Wellassa University, December 15-16, 2011: Development of a Fruit Nectar from Ambarella (Spondias dulcis): A Value Added Product from an Underutilized Fruit Crop in Sri Lanka.. When you add a variety of them to your diet, youll likely get most of the vitamins, minerals, and fiber that you and your baby need. For more science-backed resources on nutrition, visit our dedicated hub. Theyre also a great source of folate, or folic acid. Watermelon is a delicious, hydrating fruit because it consists of about 91% water. Review/update the Vitamin A in pregnancy: Requirements and safety limits. When it comes to 100% fruit juices, as long as theyre pasteurized, theyre safe to drink. It also stimulates cell regeneration. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. 10 Best Fruits to Eat During Pregnancy. This one is a little iffy, but its occasionally suggested that pregnant women stay away from grapes. Maia SB, et al. Nutrition and lifestyle for a healthy pregnancy outcome. In addition, even ripe papaya skin and seeds are unsafe to eat. Pregnancy is a journey with many changes. Here, we discuss three fruits to avoid during pregnancy. Increase endurance.Ambarellas contain sugar stored as sucrose. DOI: Mayo Clinic Staff. This is a list of 11 foods and drinks that pregnant women should avoid. Find out what foods to avoid during pregnancy. Instead, opt for fruit canned in glass jars. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Below, we list 12 of the best fruits to include in a healthful pregnancy diet. The pancreas is important for controlling glucose levels in the blood, meaning that the babies were likelier to suffer from diabetes later on. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health DOI: Choline: Fact sheet for health professionals. Psychological predictors of dietary intentions in pregnancy [Abstract]. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) recommends taking 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid per day before you start trying for a baby, then at least 600 mcg per day while pregnant. Are all fruits and vegetables safe to eat? 2. The bigger and older the fish, the more mercury it's likely to contain. https://www.patreon.com/weirdexplorer---- Get a TSHIRT: www.weirdexp. The tropical fruits are naturalized in equatorial forests around the world and are known by many names, including Ambarella, June Plum, Kedondong, Buah Long Long, and Hog apples. who would win in a fight libra or sagittarius; advanced spelling bee words for adults; san antonio spurs coaching staff 2021; eeoc notice of appearance form; ambarella fruit during pregnancy. Just be aware that they can be more calorie- and sugar-dense than their fresh counterparts. When fruits are dried, the water is removed, so they take up considerably less mass. Fruits are an essential part of a pregnant womans diet. In: Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. Their diet will provide the fetus with the nutrients essential for growth and development. Listeria (listeriosis): Prevention. When you drink a glass of fruit juice even the no sugar added variety you are drinking ultra-concentrated sugar from the fruit. ambarella fruit during pregnancy. Medical professionals usually recommend eating two to four servings of fruit and four to five servings of vegetables each day. One of the main changes is diet: Exactly whats safe and beneficial to eat, and what isnt? Try eating a plum a day if youre having major constipation problems; if theyre hard to come by, choose dried prunes instead. Lets talk about the very best ones youll want to keep on hand. However, they are especially risky for pregnant women. Ambarella fruit exhibits high pH value 3.87-4.05 and total titratable acidity 0.47% [2]. In order to prevent neural tube defects, 0.4 mg of folic acid per day is recommended. During pregnancy, your little one depends on you to provide the nutrition they need. Landon MB, et al., eds. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/. The water content and fiber in the ambarella fruit prevent dehydration and help clear the bowels, thus reducing symptoms of constipation. Click here for an email preview. June plums are also known as obo de la India, Jew-plum, Golden-apple, Otaheite-apple, Wi-tree, yellow- plum, makopa, Polynesian-plum, casamangue, pomme cythre, prune cythre, Goldpflaume, ambarella, Great hog plum, and Prunier de Cythre.All of these names are used in countries where June plums trees are grown Pineapple Pineapple ranks high on the list of fruits to avoid in the first trimester of pregnancy. Iron can prevent anemia and calcium helps bones and teeth grow strong. Just make sure no sugar has been added to canned or frozen varieties. Tamarind has long been used as a remedy for nausea and, Tamarind contains a lot of vitamin C, so eating too much of it can make your body produce less progesterone. Fiber may also reduce insulin resistance in people with diabetes. Butte, N. F., Wong, W. W., Treuth, M. S., Ellis, K. J., & O'Brian Smith, E. (2004, June 1). Key Vitamins and Minerals During Pregnancy. Here are 10 safe and healthy options you can eat during pregnancy. The general recommendation for a pregnant woman is 2-4 servings of fruit per day. However, its important to make sure you wash your produce thoroughly before consuming it to avoid contaminants. If possible, purchase organic fruit that hasnt been treated with synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Vitamin A improves the retina's health and is crucial in the treatment of night blindness. Headaches during pregnancy: What's the best treatment? Campbell, C. G., & Kaiser, L. L. (2014, July). This leaves room for uncertainty and is risky for the health of the mother and the newborn. Blend chopped Ambarella with water and sugar. Since ambarellas are tasty and highly nutritious, they can be juiced or made into jams, jellies, and delicious smoothies. Nutrient description. ), these yummy fruits are also nutrient-dense superfoods that provide a lot of beneficial compounds, such as: Pears are a fantastic source of fibre that can help avoid constipation since they have an edible peel that includes pectin, a digestive aid. 1 Ambarella Fruit Contains: Water 60-85 grams; Protein 5 to 0.8 grams; Fat 0.3 to 1.8 grams However, sometimes. It is recommended to limit consumption to a moderate level. Caudill MA, et al. To be safe, your health care provider might recommend avoiding or limiting the amount of caffeine in your diet to less than 200 milligrams (mg) a day during pregnancy. https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/questions-answers-fdaepa-advice-about-eating-fish-those-who-might-become-or-are-pregnant-or. Vitamin C helps with iron absorption and boosts the bodys immune system. We also cover which fruits are best to eat during this time, and which types of fruit pregnant women may wish to avoid. Conclusion Hegar's sign is an early sign of pregnancy involving softening of the cervix. The part nearer to the peel is quite sour getting sweeter near the seed. Eat plenty of these fruits for the best benefits during pregnancy: Do you want a healthy pregnancy? These are some of the many reasons to eat fruit while pregnant: While fruit is healthy, it still contains natural sugar, which needs to be limited when youre pregnant. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Nutrient (Daily Recommended Amount) Why You and Your Fetus Need It. Drink only pasteurized or boiled fruit juice. 8th ed. Always wash your fruits and vegetables, ensuring that they are completely free of soil particles before eating them. Vi Tahiti fruits, botanically classified as Spondias dulcis, grow on deciduous trees that belong to the Anacardiaceae family. These products could lead to foodborne illness. For the simple reason that freshly squeezed juices cannot be pasteurised, pregnant women are strongly advised to avoid them. Also, avoid drinking unpasteurized juice. What are the best fruits for a pregnant woman? All content found on this website is intended for informational and educational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Heart failure: Could a low sodium diet sometimes do more harm than good? Avoid eating canned tomatoes and other canned foods as these preservatives may be toxic to you and your unborn child and cause complications. Fruits can provide vitamins, folate, fiber, and more, which all help to keep the woman and baby healthy. Saving seeds until sowing: Clean the seeds with water and dry with net. Even vitamin C juice, which contains folic acid and can help your foetus develop normally while preventing conditions like spina bifida, might be worth a shot. Accessed Jan. 6, 2022. Overview. Watermelon is generally safe to eat during pregnancy. Research from 2014 shows that vitamin B6 may help relieve nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy as well. The diuretic effects of watermelons can occasionally even help your body remove toxins and essential nutrients. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. It is growing in full sun. Sadly, this tropical fruit is deemed to be not recommended for pregnant women. However, consuming watermelon while pregnant could expose the unborn child to the various toxins the fruit removes. Chocolate During Pregnancy (Is It Safe to Eat? Potassium may also help relieve leg cramps, a common pregnancy symptom. other information we have about you. roadworthy certificate qld checklist; ambarella fruit during pregnancy. Your prenatal vitamins are packed with all the nutrients your baby needs, so why pay attention to your nutrition? All rights reserved. Cleaning kedondong: After the first 8 hours soak drain Ambarella from the lime betel water, Wash thoroughly until the lime is completely gone. The high fibre content of apples can help a womans digestion and prevent haemorrhoids, which are a common problem for many pregnant women. Read articles or ask away and get instant answers on our app. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Avoid eating precut melons, or eat them immediately after cutting. Water helps form the placenta and amniotic sac. Anything containing unpasteurized milk, however, is a no-no. Indigestion and Heartburn. The following nutrients occur in dried fruit: Dried fruit contains all the same nutrients as fresh fruit. Strengthens the immune system. The fruit is dense in nutrients and . There are some fruits that are best to avoid in pregnancy for very good reasons. Pregnant women need at least 70 mg of Vitamin C daily, which is contained in fruits such as oranges, grapefruits and honeydew, and vegetables such as broccoli, tomatoes, and brussel sprouts. Call your doctor if you crave non-foods like laundry starch or dirt. So easy and delicious. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. By mid-October, the June plum fruits are fully mature and continue until mid-January. A miscarriage, preterm birth, and even cell damage to the foetus can result from low progesterone levels. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. They contain immune-boosting antioxidants, such as flavonol, tannin, linalool, anthocyanins, and geraniol, which also help prevent infections. But when it comes to eating tamarind, moderation is the key. Systematic review of pears and health. These are the fruits on the dirty dozen list: And if you cant afford any organic fruit at all, please dont just cut it from your diet altogether. Accessed Jan. 6, 2022. The high water content gives the feeling of fullness and prevents overeating, making it a superfood for those trying to lose some pounds. The soil particles on fruits and vegetables can harbour bacteria such as toxoplasma, which makes infection possible for both the mother and baby. Consider adding some to your water or tea or using them in this Mediterranean lemon chicken recipe. Mary Sweeney, BSN, RN, CEN is an oncology nurse navigator and freelance medical writer. A womans pregnancy is divided into three parts or trimesters. However, an unripe papaya contains latex, which can cause premature contractions to occur. This is because grapes contain resveratrol, a poisonous substance that could result in poisoning or other complications during pregnancy. What are the benefits of eating fruit during pregnancy? Any fruit may contain pesticide residue or harvest-related soil, both of which can be harmful to the mother and the foetus. Rigid and symmetrical the June Plum tree is a stately ornamental for the container gardener. Doctors can check for the sign using a pelvic exam, but this is an, When a person's waters break during pregnancy, infection risk increases. Accessed Jan. 6, 2022. Like other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes affects how your cells use sugar (glucose). Are there any fruits a person should avoid during pregnancy? (2017). 4 tablespoon sugar (adjust to suit your tastebud) Dried plums (from Asian Grocer) Ice cubes. Fiber plays a major role in heart health as it lowers blood pressure and cholesterol. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. A maternal "junk-food" diet reduces sensitivity to the opioid antagonist naloxone in offspring postweaning [Abstract]. However, there is no scientific evidence to back up these claims. Willers SM, et al. Dehydration occurs when you lose more fluids than you take in. Mangoes are another great source of vitamin C. One cup gives you 100 percent of your recommended daily allowance. This ambarella takes the Phoenix heat very well, except for a little bit of sunburn on its trunk, and it grows continuously during warm weather. Choline deficiency may cause neural tube defects and lifetime memory impairment. (2018). If your fruit has been canned in a heavy syrup, skip it. Get ready for the babys arrival by adding your due date. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Christian, P., & Stewart, C. P. (2010, January 13). However, it is essential for women to be aware of portion size. . If your cravings are unhealthy, try to find healthier alternatives. That's why you add sliced fruit to your fortified breakfast cereal, top your salads with chickpeas and snack on almonds. Eating plenty of grapes can boost peoples intake of: The nutrients in grapes can help to aid the biological changes that occur during pregnancy. Mix other all ingredients with water and make the sauce. ambarella fruit during pregnancy. MotherToBaby. Its important then that you stay cautious of the foods you consume to ensure you and your baby are at minimal risk throughout the pregnancy. To eat it whole, wash off all the dirt and remove the stem and the peel. In fact, if you eat mostly junk food during your pregnancy, you may be setting up your baby for a lifelong preference for fat and sugar, according to a 2013 study. Seafood and fish can be a healthy part of your diet during pregnancy. Instead, choose fruit canned in water or its own juice. When you shop through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. However, if organic fruit is not an option, non-organic fruit is still better than eliminating fruit from the diet altogether. While diuretics are not recommended during pregnancy, they go a long way in treating hypertension and cardiac diseases during pregnancy.. In addition, the following benefits have been linked to fruit consumption: Apples contain a variety of beneficial nutrients, like fibre, vitamins A & C, and potassium. If you have symptoms like nasal congestion, itchy or swollen areas in your mouth or asthma after consuming pineapples, do book an appointment with your local doctor and discuss this. Symptoms include a runny nose, swelling in the mouth area and skin rashes. However, pregnant women should avoid eating sliced watermelon that has remained at room temperature for too long. The fruits are oval and about 2.4-3.5 cm long. This is because eating pineapple can lead to sharp uterine contractions, which in turn can result in a miscarriage. Additionally, dietary fiber improves mental health by reducing symptoms of depression. Can poor sleep impact your weight loss goals? To lessen your risk of consuming pesticide residue or bacteria, follow these tips: Eating fruit during pregnancy helps ensure that you and your baby stay healthy and ready to take on the world. Because of this, many mothers choose organic produce, but washing is still required. Unsubscribe at any time. In this article, well discuss everything you need to know about why fruit matters, how much fruit you should eat during pregnancy, and which ones to pick along with which ones to avoid. Avoid diet drinks, and limit drinks with caffeine to less than 200 mg per daythe amount in about 12 ounces of coffee. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. More Tips About Eating Fruit When Pregnant, Should You Avoid Certain Fruits During Pregnancy? Accessed Jan. 6, 2022. In: Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. We won't send you spam. If youre experiencing morning sickness, your risk of dehydration is higher. If you are wondering about the amount of calories in 1 custard apple, listed below is the nutritional value chart of the sitafal. The fruit also contains antioxidants and helps prevent free radical damage. Pregnant women should aim to consume at least five different portions of fruit and vegetables each day. These nutrients can also help to relieve some of the common symptoms of pregnancy. Ravi, K., & Divyashree, P. (2014, JulyDecember). Gardner, B., Croker, H., Barr, S., Briley, A., Poston, L., & Wardle, J. See more. Making healthful food choices is crucial for women when they are pregnant. Folate is a B vitamin thats very important in helping prevent brain and spinal cord defects, also known as neural tube defects. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Improves vision.Because ambarellas are rich in vitamin A, a decoction from its leaves can be used to treat sore eyes. Do note that you need to eat massive amounts of pineapple (between seven to ten fresh ones at one go) to actually induce this effect. Therefore, pregnant women can get their RDA of vitamins and minerals by eating portions of dried fruits that are smaller than the equivalent amount of fresh fruits. Moreover, women with gestational diabetes should avoid . One Ambarella fruit contains, on average: Ambarella fruits and leaves are known to be natural antioxidants. It also supports your babys growth. Avocados are the nutrient powerhouses of all fruits, containing a diverse array of nutrients such as: In particular, eating avocados can reduce the instances of: This includes berries like raspberries, strawberries, blueberries, and just about any other berry you can think of! Goodells sign involves softening of the cervix during early pregnancy. Are Organic Fruits Better While Pregnant? Mature ambarella leaves are also used in salads with other herbs and spices to enhance their flavor.. What Fruits Are Completely Safe To Eat During Pregnancy? Gugusheff JR, et al. Doctors may recommend inducing labor if it does not begin naturally within 24. Bark of the ambarella tree is used as a remedy to cure dysentery. The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 8 to 12 ounces (224 to 336 grams) two or three servings of seafood a week during pregnancy. One of its side effects is that bromelain may soften the cervix, which could lead to early labour. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction. Your reaction might be more severe than if you weren't pregnant. Pregnant women should only eat dried fruits in moderation and should avoid candied fruits altogether. High water content, helping you stave off. But when consumed in moderation, grapes, like pineapple, usually show to be a low-risk food. A randomized comparison of vitamin B6 and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Tamarind contains a lot of vitamin C, so eating too much of it can make your body produce less progesterone. It should also minimize the risk of certain diseases and defects and help to nourish the womans body. A person may choose to take an at-home or in-office test. FoodData Central. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Who doesnt like pineapple? So, while eating one or two dates per day should be okay, any more can result in problems. Tamarinds are extremely high in vitamin C, which is one of the main reasons they are listed among the fruits to stay away from while pregnant. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine: A comparative study of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and thrombolytic potential of the fruits and leaves ofSpondias dulcis., British Journal of Clinical Medicine: Effect of diuretics on fetal growth: A drug effect or confounding by indication? Most athletes need this natural carbohydrate in their diet to act as a quick fuel source during endurance exercise training., Prevents premature aging.Rich in Vitamin C, ambarellas play a major role in preventing signs of premature aging. Use an unsweetened or lower-sugar mixer, such as unsweetened almond milk, coconut water, or oat milk. Enjoying half an avocado (100 grams) will deliver about 14 percent of your daily folate needs during pregnancy. Micronutrient status, cognition and behavioral problems in childhood [Abstract]. Committee Opinion No. You should be alright as long as you consume mangoes in moderation. Ambarella consists of good amount of dietary fiber, which facilitates digestion and helps clear the bowel. Bananas are another good source of potassium. Drink prune juice if youre craving a glass of juice because it can ease constipation. (2015, November). This frittata is high in protein and rich in essential nutrients your body needs to support a growing baby. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Fresh, frozen, and canned fruits are all good options. Fruits and vegetables are filled with nutrients. Youve heard of pregnancy cravings, but what about the opposite, food aversions? Too much mercury could harm your baby's developing nervous system. Treatment of inflammation.Ambarella leaves are also used in the treatment of inflammation. They consist of: Discuss with your doctor the best fruits to eat while pregnant as well as the suggested serving sizes. Many choose to cut out papaya altogether while pregnant to avoid these risks. Be sure to cook sprouts thoroughly. From morning sickness to rapid changes in body structure, pregnant women adapt to a different set of routines that they arent normally used to. During pregnancy, you're at increased risk of bacterial food poisoning. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Pregnancy diet: Focus on these essential nutrients. Falling during pregnancy: Reason to worry? Ambarella fruit is rich in vitamin C. It improves the function of the immune system. Pregnancy nutrition: Healthy-eating basics. Here at theAsianparent Singapore, its important for us to give information that is correct, significant, and timely. Last medically reviewed on January 6, 2020. However, a few years ago, canned foods came under scrutiny because of the discovery that many of them were lined with a substance that contains bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogen-mimicking chemical. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Pears provide lots of the following nutrients: Getting plenty of fiber in a pregnancy diet can help ease constipation, a common pregnancy symptom. The sugar content in it has the potential to increase blood sugar levels if consumed in excess. Calcium strengthens enamel in teeth to prevent damage caused by chewing, grinding, and extreme temperatures. Additionally, the leaves of unripe ambarella can be eaten raw as a seasoning or steamed and eaten as a vegetable. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. As much as they are a strong source of vitamins and nutrients, unwashed fruits and vegetables can be contaminated with bacteria and parasites. Why do some women develop a sudden hatred for foods they used to love? It offers the sweetness you crave and the nutrition you need. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. (2007). You should also check the label and sugar content of canned fruit. Also, if you havent eaten pineapple for some time, its possible that doing so will cause an allergic reaction. The fruit is also a good source of dietary fiber. The fruits are green when unripe and golden yellow when ripe. This is important because even though your bump is barely showing, your baby is physically growing inside you. When the fruit came to the Caribbean islands, it became well adapted due to the similar climates as its homeland. Ambarella tree - information before buying: Growing information: perennial plant, growing hardiness zone: 10+, water needed - average to big amount, light conditions - full sun, height: 3-10m, 10-30 feet. | Image source: iStock. For this reason, fresh berries may be preferable to those that are frozen or canned. Babaei AH, et al.
Robin Wall Kimmerer Family,
Funniest Mad Gab Phrases,
Paul Roberts And Linsey Davis,
Lesser Known Mandela Effects,
Mowell Funeral Home Fayetteville Georgia Obituaries,
Articles A