He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. Let us know more about Rajatarangini. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Rajatarangini/Original languages Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Verse 11. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Was this answer helpful? [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. for this article. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. section. Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. View Answer Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. field of Asian Studies. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Jonaraja He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. . The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? After ruling indirectly and directly. elsewhere. He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Has data issue: true and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. He subdued several enemies. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Son of Hiranyakula. . The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. How do people make money on survival on Mars? What was the content of the text the Rajatarangini? After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. Verse 14. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rajatarangini. The. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. . Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. No examples found, consider adding one please. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. Abstract. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. He looked up a variety of epigraphic sources relating to royal eulogies, construction of temples, and land grants; he studied coins, monumental remains, family records, and local traditions. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. all exact any . What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Son of Partha. Son of Ajitapida. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. From Stein's translation:[3]. He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. the Kambojs The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative.
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