130. 23. What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members. b. Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model d. psychoanalytic therapy. The force that is in control in this example is the: a. id. According to Bandura, all behaviors are learned by observing others, and we model our actions after theirs, so undesirable behaviors can be altered or relearned in the same way. c. increased participation in very high-risk activities. b. neurotransmitters. 147. As such, we will need to establish a foundation for how communication in the nervous system occurs, what the parts of the nervous system are, what a neuron is and its structure, how neural transmission occurs, and what the parts of the brain are. The nervous system. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological, 4. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. c. cognitive-behavioral Albert Bandura conducted pivotal research on observational learning, and you likely already know all about it. Gender is not a cause of mental illness, though differing demands placed on males and females by society and their culture can influence the development and course of a disorder. However, critics cite obvious ethical issues with conducting such surgeries as well as scientific issues. In Panel A, food makes a dog salivate. a. equifinality b. eclectic integration c. multifinality d. timing. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. Figure 2.2. This is where assessing information about others comes in and involves the cognitive process of perception, or adding meaning to raw sensory data. 145. c. operant conditioning. What is this therapy? d. fear. 158. A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group: a. focuses on less serious problems. They are sexual in nature. c. It is full of abnormal evolutionary principles. Our attribution in these two cases is in error, but still, it comes to affect how we see the world and our subjective well-being. d. classical conditioning. b. irrational thoughts contribute to ones feelings. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. In other words, we assume the person who cut us off is an idiot (dispositional) and do not consider that maybe someone in the car is severely injured and this person is rushing them to the hospital (situational). Chapter 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com c. psychoanalytic theory. The uni-dimensional model proposes a single factor as the cause of psychopathology while the multi-dimensional model integrates multiple causes of psychopathology and affirms that each cause comes to affect other causes over time. Please note that we will not cover this process in full, but just the parts relevant to our topic of psychopathology. They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for survival. c. Sessions are primarily conducted in a virtual environment. 80. This begs the question of how we can really know that they exist. Finally, does uncertainty always lead to a negative end? Of importance to mental health professionals are the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, and which release cortisol to help the body deal with stress. Chances are you are already accepting the unknown in some areas of life and identifying these can help you to see why it is helpful in these areas, and how you can apply this in more difficult areas. d. reality principle. Depersonalization can be defined as a feeling of unreality or detachment from oneself. b. early childhood trauma. d. case studies. Mental illness itself occurs from the interaction of multiple genes and other factorssuch as stress, abuse, or a traumatic eventwhich can influence, or trigger, an illness in a person who has an inherited susceptibility to it (https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1). Outline the structure of personality and how it develops over time. c. transference. A reliance on medication for treatment and belief that psychological illness is much like physical illness. d. integrate new behaviors to compensate for other damaging behaviors. b. superego. a. gestalt theorist b. psychodynamic theorist c. existential theorist d. evolutionary theorist. She works very hard to do things that other people would like and to make people like her. a. gestalt b. object relations c. cognitive-behavioral d. self, 124. d. indicator of psychological conflict. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? All this stage of learning signifies is that some learning is already present. Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. This is an example of behavior modification using: a. multicultural b. biological c. humanistic d. cognitive-behavioral, 136. Please note that a person may become fixated at any stage, meaning they become stuck, thereby affecting later development and possibly leading to abnormal functioning, or psychopathology. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. If a client is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the client is MOST likely being treated by a follower of: a. Rogers. 88. This is called the, Step 5 After a short time, the neuron can fire again, but needs greater than normal levels of stimulation to do so. Multidimensional Approaches to Understanding Mental Illness | Abnormal b. exposure therapy. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego, 38. b. give insightful interpretations of the clients statements. Operant conditioning. It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell (See Figure 2.3). b. modeling. What is that factor? Defense mechanisms include the following: For more on defense mechanisms, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201110/the-essential-guide-defense-mechanisms. The force that is in control in this example is the: The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person's head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: During a meeting, Shonda's manager asks her to free associate about her coworker's performance. Evaluating psychodynamic theory. b. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: a. challenging irrational cognitions. b. psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion. a. This dream is interpreted to reflect the patients emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. c. phallic stage. Clarify how specific areas of the brain are involved in mental illness. They also focus on life-enhancing experiences like relationships, love, caring, commitment, courage, creativity, power, will, presence, spirituality, individuation, self-actualization, authenticity, acceptance, transcendence, and awe. For more information, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy. d. instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards. Describe how communication in the nervous system occurs. Freud believed that consciousness had three levels 1) consciousness which was the seat of our awareness, 2) preconscious that included all of our sensations, thoughts, memories, and feelings, and 3) the unconscious, which was not available to us. This is an example of: Members of a family operate very independently of one another. c. role-playing. I know my grandmother used to. d. hormone therapy. 54. d. classical conditioning. To address this unique factor, culture-sensitive therapies have been developed and include increasing the therapists awareness of cultural values, hardships, stressors, and/or prejudices faced by their client; the identification of suppressed anger and pain; and raising the clients self-worth (Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). 77. This person is an A student but does not like being right under the nose of the professor, especially if he/she tends to spit when lecturing. b. ego. First, you can use cognitive restructuring, also called rational restructuring, in which maladaptive cognitions are replaced with more adaptive ones. The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: a. clone a mammal. If my mother or father consumes alcohol to feel better when things are tough, and it works, then I might do the same. The pairing must occur more than once so that needless pairings are not learned such as someone farting right before your food comes out and now you salivate whenever someone farts (at least for a while. If we are not motivated to perform an observed behavior, we probably will not show what we have learned. b. psychoanalysis. 12. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. Clarify how gender factors affect mental illness. The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." A general term used for Freuds and Jungs theories is: a. psychiatric. By pairing a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus (bell and food, respectively), the dog will learn that the bell ringing (NS) signals food coming (UCS) and salivate (UCR). Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. Joanie has social anxiety. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. Examples include abnormal blood levels, damaged cells, and abnormal gene expression. You might make the case that some of the side effects are worse than the condition they are treating. Her symptoms appeared as she cared for her dying father, and her mother called on Breuer to diagnosis her condition (note that Freud never actually treated her). She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. Most report that their symptoms decline, leading them to feel better and improve their functioning. 119. C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects. b. let their thoughts flow, without judgment. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral. b. increase feelings of gratitude and decrease feelings of fear. If a person is used to receiving reinforcement every time they perform a particular behavior, and then suddenly no reinforcer is delivered, he or she will cease the response immediately. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug?
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