From 1940 to 1945, the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex was the largest of the Nazi death camps, was comprised of three central hubs and dozens of subcamps. A museum was founded by Poland in 1947 at Auschwitz I and II. A Jewish woman exposed between 600 and 3000 hiding Jews to the Gestapo The word holocaust, from the Greek words holos read more, In fewer than four years, more than 1.1 million people were killed by Nazi forces at Auschwitz under the command of Adolf Hitler. Directors Steve Purcell Starring Reading Identity in the Camps Holocaust survivor Primo Levi describes his first day as a prisoner in Auschwitz, and the harrowing experience of losing his loved ones, possessions, and even his name. of well-being would remain uncertain. For what purpose did the Mound Builder cultures use earthen mounds? View the list of all donors. Magazines, one of the half-dozen Nazi camps that scholars identify as killing centers,, was inspired by his time as a prisoner Auschwitz, Or create a free account to access more articles, Why Auschwitz Plays Such a Central Role in Holocaust Remembrance. Key Facts 1 Located in German-occupied Poland, Auschwitz consisted of three camps including a killing center. We all hoped that after 1945, we would not hear about mass murders and immigration and refugee issues again, and yet theyre top headlines today.. In 1941, during the German invasion of the USSR, the Nazis began their campaign of extermination in earnest. This became the site of the huge gas chambers where hundreds of thousands were murdered prior to November 1944, and the crematoria where their bodies were burned. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. read more, Mindu Hornick, 13, peered through a crack in the door of her stopped cattle car and read a name: Auschwitz. is the cattle car experience considered a rite For example, in an effort to study eye color, he injected serum into the eyeballs of dozens of children, causing them excruciating pain. 4. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. They were then sent to work for up to 12 hours. 134 likes. Tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews were sent to Auschwitz every day. Any interference in the integrity of the images including cropping or graphic processing is prohibited. There were no breaks Birkenau Electrified Fence. Located in southern Poland, Auschwitz initially served as a detention center for political prisoners. The name 'Auschwitz' is synonymous with atrocity and secrets clouded by mist. About 200,000 Auschwitz prisoners left the camp, including survivors sent to other camps as well as those liberated from Auschwitz when the Soviet Army rescued an estimated 7,000 prisoners on Jan. 27, 1945. More books from this author: Primo Levi . In January 1945, with the Soviet army approaching, Nazi officials ordered the camp abandoned and sent an estimated 60,000 prisoners on a forced march to other locations. killing began in those cars. All four women were executed. Survival in Auschwitz (also known as If This Is a Man) is an autobiography by Primo Levi, published in 1958. Their hair was shaved and sent off to be used to make cloths or detonators, The place you worked, your shoes, and your bowl, What is the "worst thing that anyone can experience?". D-Day. A day at Auschwitz for a prisoner started at 4:30 am. This small camp, Auschwitz I, was reserved throughout its history for political prisoners, mainly Poles and Germans. One effect of that sobering shift is being felt in New York City at a museum located a 10-minute walk from the 9/11 Memorial & Museum. Images from www.auschwitz.org may be used only in publications relating to the history of the German Nazi concentration and extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau or the activities of the Auschwitz Memorial. What did Kitty have in common with the two girls that she brought to Auschwitz? January 26, 2016. Primo Levi - one of the most. We stepped onto the platform and were on another planet, noted The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. January 27, 2015 5:01 PM EST. One key to its role in Holocaust education is that from 1942 to 1944, Auschwitz became the largest of those killing centers. Until the first gong, the signal for everyone to return to their quarters, prisoners waited their turn for the washrooms and toilets. death camps and examine one specific camp (Auschwitz) to see how it What was the placed called where all the valuable stuff was stored? Shira Springer. On 22 June 1941, in an attempt to obtain new territory, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. The way the content is organized, A concise biography of Primo Levi plus historical and literary context for, In-depth summary and analysis of every chapter of, Explanations, analysis, and visualizations of, Primo Levi was born to well-educated Jewish parents in 1919. But as the war and the Holocaust progressed, the Nazi regime greatly developed the site. Then, focus on a conflict in your school or community. Replace the underlined word in each sentence with a direct object pronoun in your answer. They were given a hot drink in the morning and no breakfast. and how will life be different forever? During World War II (1939-45), more than 1 million people, by some accounts, lost their lives at Auschwitz. . Instead, he became convinced that his Jewish problem would be solved only with the elimination of every Jew in his domain, along with artists, educators, Romas, communists, homosexuals, the mentally and physically handicapped and others deemed unfit for survival in Nazi Germany. By what name was One Day in Auschwitz (2015) officially released in Canada in English? Auschwitz II, located in the village of Birkenau, or Brzezinka, was constructed in 1941 on the order of Heinrich Himmler (1900-45), commander of the Schutzstaffel (or Select Guard/Protection Squad, more commonly known as the SS), which operated all Nazi concentration camps and death camps. By signing up you are agreeing to our. LitCharts Teacher Editions. -Test and medications were run on these people as guinea pigs However, on a single dayOctober 10, 1944800 . My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Its full name declares it The Museum of Jewish Heritage A Living Memorial to the Holocaust and it was built with six sides to represent the six million Jewish people who died in the Holocaust. 3. They feared that shooting people was too stressful for their soldiers, and so came up with more efficient means of murder. \quad \quad (en / sans), lodie gagne de l'argent - du baby-sitting. Some Auschwitz prisoners were subjected to inhumane medical experimentation. Print Word PDF This section contains 520 words 11, 12, 13 - Nutrition; S. He was taken from Italy to Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. Teachers and parents! And after the fall of communism, as countries that had been a part of the Eastern bloc opened up, discussions of the history of the Holocaust in those regions became more open too, says Piotr M. A. Cywiski, director of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. On October 7, 1944, prisoners assigned to Crematorium IV at the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center rebel after learning that they were going to be killed. was the site of the Buna synthetic rubber factory. What happened when Auschwitz was liberated? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Located near the industrial town of Owicim in southern Poland (in a portion of the country that was annexed by Germany at the beginning of World War II), Auschwitz was actually three camps in one: a prison camp, an extermination camp, and a slave-labour camp. When he first sees the furnace pits in which the Nazis are burning babies, he experiences the beginnings of doubt: "Why should I bless His name?" Eliezer asks, "What had I to thank Him for?" In addition, Auschwitz became the nexus of a complex of 45 smaller subcamps in the region, most of which housed slave labourers. 2023 BBC. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Auschwitz doctors tested methods of sterilization on the prisoners, using massive doses of radiation, uterine injections, and other barbaric procedures. of passage? represented no political threat to Germany; European culture and society; Its the only extermination camp with modern crematoria equipped with gas chambers, which created an efficient factory of death, says van Pelt, but it also encompassed a slave labor camp, from which there were actually enough survivors to give a substantial body of testimony after the war.. Himmler Orders Demolition of Auschwitz Gas Chambers and Crematoria. Most known Auschwitz prisoner An important part of solving problems is understanding the results, or effects, of certain troublesome actions. The road to Auschwitz winds past farmland, historic churches and small country homes. Interiors of these barracks can also be . About 1.1 million of them died there. This time was extended in the summer and shortened in the winter. Nor did the prisoners from such internal labor details as the hospital, kitchen, or orchestra attend roll call. Next, they attempted to wash and relieve themselves before drinking their coffee or tea. At the sound of a second gong, they ran outside to the roll-call square, where they lined up in rows of ten by block. The Holocaust: Who are the missing million? However, it evolved into a network of camps where Jewish people and other perceived enemies of the Nazi state were exterminated, often in gas chambers, or used as slave labor. \quad \quad (avant de / avant), Thomas fait ses devoirs - coutant ses CD\mathrm{CD}CD. It also housed a group of bathhouses where countless people were gassed to death, and crematory ovens where bodies were burned. These people, as teenagers, have lost everything--parents, siblings, friends, When the Nazis came to power in 1933 they began to strip Jewish people of all property, freedoms and rights under the law. The working day began at 4:30 in the summer and 5:30 in the winter. When the Anti-Defamation League announced on Tuesday that anti-Semitic assaults had doubled in the U.S. from 2017 to 2018, the news was shocking but, sadly, not entirely surprising: a shooting left one dead at a California synagogue last Sunday, just days before Thursdays observance of Yom HaShoah, Holocaust Remembrance Day. Oder Theatre? How old was Levi when he was captured? Nous sommes contents - partir en vacances. Thousands of prisoners were also selected by the camp doctor, Josef Mengele, for medical experiments. of passage is a significant event that marks the moving from one phase of What kind of truck were Kitty and her mother loaded into? -Terrible living conditions, -Nazi symbol What two groups were separated when they got off the train? Can Nigeria's election result be overturned? The break for the noon meal lasted from 12 until 1 oclock. A group of child survivors behind a barbed wire fence at the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz, Guards used Zyklon B pellets to murder people in the gas chambers, So many Hungarian Jewish people were killed in such a short time that victims' bodies were dropped in pits near the camp and burned. In great detail, they documented the killing process. All Rights Reserved. "We could tell from their eyes that they were happy to be saved from this hell.". From then on, the second gong was a signal to form up by labor details. Auschwitz was located on a former military base outsideOswiecim, a town in southern Poland situated near Krakow, one of the countrys largest cities. Soviet forces found only a few thousand survivors when they entered the camp on 27 January 1945, along with hundreds of thousands of clothes and several tonnes of human hair. way of killing Jews. How did Kitty's mom help keep people alive as a nurse? When was Levi captured? "It carries its own energy here. The dead would never be brought back, and there would never be an opportunity Forty-four thousand pairs of shoes. Auschwitz: The Largest of the Death Camps, Horrors of Auschwitz: The Numbers Behind WWII's Deadliest Concentration Camp, The Shocking Liberation of Auschwitz: Soviets Knew Nothing as They Approached. and they were not an organized military force. ", "We saw emaciated, tortured, impoverished people," soldier Ivan Martynushkin said of liberating the death camp. Play. Vegetable soup was lunch. -Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 This article is more than 6 years old. Morning roll call was abolished in February 1944, in order to maximize the time spent laboring. Suggestions for discussion: Traditional Where were the bodies taken after they were gassed in the gas chambers? It was 1980, and the forestry student was working to help restore the original forest around what was once read more, It was a frigid day in occupied Poland, and for all Shmuel Beller knew, it could be his last. Snow-covered personal effects of those deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland litter the train tracks leading to the camp's entrance, circa 1945. As a result of the train transport, life has completely changed -Wipe out all of the Jew's existence Roll call lasted approximately three to four hours. While the museum hasnt officially changed its name yet, its new emphasis is already clear: starting May 8, it will host the largest-ever traveling exhibit on Auschwitz, Nazi Germanys biggest killing center. How old was Kitty when she arrived at Auschwitz? Fair play to her for going back all those years later and explain to the students she's with exactly what happened. the confusion and pandemonium, the claustrophobic darkness and lack of air, -Graham S. Hitler became the German chancellor in 1933, at which point he swiftly set about creating the infrastructure and political momentum for the Holocaust, in which the Hitlers Germany would attempt to entirely eradicate Europes Jewish population, which was in full operation by 1941. Poka menu niszego poziomu dla The International Auschwitz Council, Poka menu niszego poziomu dla Historical collection, Poka menu niszego poziomu dla Auschwitz sub-camps, Poka menu niszego poziomu dla Evacuation, Poka menu niszego poziomu dla Education, Poka menu niszego poziomu dla Educational projects, Poka menu niszego poziomu dla Conferences, Poka menu niszego poziomu dla Exhibitions, Leben? Cywiski argues that Auschwitz survivors came back to this history when their grandchildren are born, and can speak more easily or more naturally to their grandchildren than their own children.. Engrave them in your hearts, When at home or in the street, When lying down, when getting up. The young and the able-bodied were sent to work. * The request timed out and you did not successfully sign up. Nazi leaders met in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference to coordinate the industrial slaughter - what they called a "final solution to the Jewish question" - killing the entire European Jewish population, 11 million people, by extermination and forced labour. The use of the images for commercial purposes requires the Museums approval and information about the publication. These detainees included anti-Nazi activists, politicians, resistance members and luminaries from the cultural and scientific communities. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Meeting between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Henry Morgenthau Jr. Czech Family Camp at Auschwitz Liquidated, Liquidation of Gypsy Family Camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Allied Troops Encounter Natzweiler-Struthof, Himmler Orders Demolition of Auschwitz Gas Chambers and Crematoria, US Troops Capture Ludendorff Railroad Bridge at Remagen, Evacuation of Prisoners from Sachsenhausen, Page 1 of Letter from US Soldier Aaron Eiferman, US Prosecutor Jackson Delivers Opening Statement to International Military Tribunal, New Directive on Immigrant Visas to the US, Map Jewish armed resistance in ghettos and camps, 1941-1944. Tell the On October 7, 1944, having learned that the SS was going to liquidate much of the squad, the members of the Sonderkommando at Crematorium IV rose in revolt. Nazi Germany invaded and occupied Poland in September 1939, and by May 1940 turned the site into a jail for political prisoners. Using a chart like the one below, focus on Lizabeth's actions and their effects on other people and on herself. during the Holocaust represented an initiation into the world of death. German chemicals company IG Farben built and operated a synthetic rubber factory at Auschwitz III-Monowitz. Buildings were torn down, blown up or set on fire, and records were destroyed. \quad \quad (de / pour), On doit vrifier les pneus - partir en voyage. In October 1944, a group of Auschwitz "Sonderkommando," young Jewish males responsible for removing corpses from crematoriums and gas chambers, staged a revolt. The Auschwitz experience in the art of prisoners. In the space of just two months, between May and July 1944, Hungary transported 420,000 of the 437,000 Jewish people it sent to Auschwitz. reach Auschwitz from numerous European cities. The prisoners were counted during roll call. The guard passed it on to her husband Kurt, but for decades the couple's youngest son, Frank, was unable to read the handwritten note. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. After the Fascist leader Mussolini was deposed by his own government in 1943, German forces occupied northern and central Italy, established Mussolini as a puppet governor, and increased the persecution of Jewish people. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. When the Soviet army entered Auschwitz on January 27, they found approximately 7,600 sick or emaciated detainees who had been left behind barbed wire. The men cast "strangely embarrassed glances at the sprawling bodies, at the battered huts and at us few still alive", he would later write. Refine any search. By Massimo Calabresi. However, the bathhouses to which they marched were disguised gas chambers. Today, Auschwitz is open to the public as the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. Twelve thousand pots and pans. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Thousands of pictures, the photographs of prisoners. Roll call lasted approximately three to four hours. Countless prisoners died during this process; those who made it to the sites were sent on trains to concentration camps in Germany. Magazines, Digital As 1944 came to a close and the defeat of Nazi Germany by the Allied forces seemed certain, the Auschwitz commandants began destroying evidence of the horror that had taken place there. What does the speaker now understand that he did not understand before? PAPA: Hagamos las paces. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Auschwitz was probably chosen to play a central role in the final solution because it was located at a railway junction with 44 parallel tracksrail lines that were used to transport Jews from throughout Europe to their death. What did the Gypsy tell Kitty when she looked at her hand? This allowed more tourists to visit Auschwitz, which was by then the Holocaust site with which many were most familiar; in 2018, a record 2.15 million people visited the museum there. Updates? 1. Michael Berenbaumagraduate of Queens College (BA, 1967) and Florida State University (Ph.D., 1975) who alsoattended The Hebrew University andthe Jewish Theological Seminaryis a writer, Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Videotape:The Final Solution and Its Perpetrators (15 minutes), Reading: Reading 10A, Arrival in Auschwitz which existed primarily for killing Jews and Gypsies as well as Soviet prisoners More The liberators also discovered mounds of corpses, hundreds of thousands of pieces of clothing and pairs of shoes and seven tons of human hair that had been shaved from detainees before their liquidation. A small, shy child and the only Jew in his school, Levi was often bullied by his classmates, but he excelled academically. It was to prevent her family from being sent to a concentration camp. Experimental gas vans had been used to kill mentally disabled people in Poland as early as 1939. Auschwitz survivor While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. German corporations invested heavily in the slave-labour industries adjacent to Auschwitz. Mengele, who came to be known as the Angel of Death, performed a range of experiments on detainees. Auschwitz left its mark as one of the most infamous camps of the Holocaust. Some 75,000 Polish civilians, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, 25,000 Roma and Sinti, as well as Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals and political prisoners were also put to death by the German state at the Auschwitz complex. Survival in Auschwitz Short Answer Test - Answer Key Primo Levi This set of Lesson Plans consists of approximately 99 pages of tests, essay questions, lessons, and other teaching materials. Levi, as a Jewish man and member of the Italian resistance, was a target of fascist forces in Italy. Auschwitz has become the focus of the history of the Holocaust, says the exhibits chief curator, Robert Jan van Pelt, an architectural historian who is considered by many as the preeminent scholar of Auschwitz. We dont know where we are going. The story of the Holocaust, the story of Auschwitz, as he puts it, is never-ending., The more these stories were out there, the more other Auschwitz survivors started to open up about their experiences with their loved ones, telling their stories in order to preserve family history and pass along life lessons. Why? December 11, 1944 Last Gassing at Hartheim. Analysis. Get insight into how a commander at a Nazi death camp viewed his victims and coped with his actions. What happened to their hair when they went to the camp? Instruct students Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, Wiesel wrote. of war and, later, Poles; Auschwitz III-Monowitz, the forced labor camp, which To complete this mission, Hitler ordered the construction of death camps. Instant PDF downloads. Auschwitz was originally a Polish army barracks in southern Poland. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. In 1979 Auschwitz was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kitty's story sounds like a work of fiction. Vegetable soup was lunch. Upon arriving at the camp, detainees were examined by Nazi doctors. Guards from the so-called "Hygienic Institute" would then drop powerful Zyklon-B gas pellets into the sealed chambers, and wait for people to die. On 27 January 1945, Soviet troops cautiously entered Auschwitz. You can unsubscribe at any time. The prisoners got up at the sound of a gong and carefully tidied their living quarters. By the winter of 1941, the Nazis had constructed gas chambers at Auschwitz. [18] Complete your free account to request a guide. Once inside, the prisoners were exposed to Zyklon-B poison gas. Next, they attempted to wash and relieve themselves before drinking their "coffee" or "tea." Its first commandant was Rudolf Hss (1900-47), who previously had helped run the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany. One key to its role in Holocaust education is that from 1942 to 1944, Auschwitz became the largest of those killing centers. S eventy years ago today, Soviet troops liberated the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied southern Poland where, from 1942 on, the . 2 Auschwitz, the largest and arguably the most notorious of all the Nazi death camps, opened in the spring of 1940. Jews from all across Nazi-controlled Europe made up the vast majority of the victims. Poisonous fumes were pumped into a sealed compartment to suffocate those inside. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986, for being one of the most important spiritual leaders and guides in an age when violence, repression and racism continue to characterize the world.. During most of the period from 1940 to 1945, the commandant of the central Auschwitz camps was SS-Hauptsturmfhrer (Capt.) they offered $50,000 to anyone who could prove that gas chambers were used to intentionally kill people at Auschwitz. Badge of Honor. Elie Wiesels 1956 Night, (published in English in 1960), was inspired by his time as a prisoner Auschwitz. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Each time your parents make a suggestion, respond with an opposite suggestion. Director Steve Purcell Stars Michael Berenbaum Walter Feiden Kelsey Grammer (voice) See production, box office & company info Add to Watchlist 5. Learn about the horrible suffering caused by Nazi Germany while it was using Auschwitz as a concentration camp to exterminate Jews and use them as slave labor, Auschwitz II (Birkenau) and Auschwitz III, The legacy of Auschwitz and war crimes trials, https://www.britannica.com/place/Auschwitz, Official Site of Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum, UNESCO - World Heritage Convention - Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945), Jewish Virtual Library - Auschwitz-Birkenau: History and Overview, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Auschwitz, Auschwitz - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Auschwitz III memorial, Pre-Lachaise Cemetery, Paris. While today the complex is referred to as Auschwitz-Birkenau, the name actually refers to three camps: Auschwitz I, Birkenau, and Monowitz. and ultimately SS-Obersturmbannfhrer (Lieut. Behind the lines, Nazi commanders were experimenting with ways to kill en masse. All were apprehended and killed. The cattle car experience for Jews The prisoners walked out to working groups, with musical accompaniment in the form of marches played by the camp orchestra. SS guards sought to hide their crimes as Soviet troops closed in, and tried to destroy their extensive prisoner records - making it hard to fully quantify the number of victims. ANSWER: Zyklon B was a prussic acid gas, normally dead or dying.. There the SS later developed a huge concentration camp and extermination complex that included some 300 prison barracks; four large so-called Badeanstalten (German: bathhouses), in which prisoners were gassed to death; Leichenkeller (corpse cellars), in which their bodies were stored; and Einscherungsfen (cremating ovens). Upon arriving, they were read more, Eighty-eight pounds of eyeglasses. Listen to HISTORY This Week Podcast: January 27, 1945: "Surviving Auschwitz". Can you think of any examples of Write to Olivia B. Waxman at olivia.waxman@time.com. Why were the Jews and Gypsies murdered at Auschwitz? Suggestions for discussion: Responses 2023 TIME USA, LLC. There were no breaks Thomas et Patrick etudient beaucoup. Instead of shooting her in Germany, what did they do to Kitty? Documentary Auschwitz concentration camp survivor Kitty Hart-Moxon revisits Auschwitz 70 years after her liberation, together with two teenage girls the same age she was when she was brought to the camp. \quad \quad (en russissant / pour russir). How Auschwitz became centre of Nazi Holocaust. Heinrich Himmler, chief of the SS, the Nazi paramilitary corps, ordered the establishment of the first camp, the prison camp, on April 27, 1940, and the first transport of Polish political prisoners arrived on June 14. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Col.) Rudolf Franz Hss (Hoess). A group of child survivors behind a barbed wire fence at the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz On 27 January 1945, Soviet troops cautiously entered Auschwitz. Hundreds of prosthetic limbs. She now lives in Munich, Germany, and works as a psychotherapist. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our. I, the concentration camp for enemies of the Reich who were mainly political The chief perpetrator of this barbaric research was Josef Mengele (1911-79), a German physician who began working at Auschwitz in 1943. Provides detailed insight into many aspects of camp life, including the author's work in the camp infirmary. Survival in Auschwitz - Chapter 2 "On The Bottom," Summary & Analysis Primo Levi This Study Guide consists of approximately 32 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Survival in Auschwitz. will vary. After Auschwitz, nothing will ever be the same. Not far away opens on the anniversary of the 1945 surrender of Nazi Germany in World War II. Experiments involving the killing of twins, upon whom autopsies were performed, were meant to provide information that would supposedly lead to the rapid expansion of the Aryan race.. The Death Camps.
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