``Wear black clothes, the man, Gustavo Miranda Santacruz, said he was told by his superior. Barrett v. United States, 590 F.2d 624 (6th Cir. The date of production for the photographic evidence was set for November 5, 1997[9] and later extended with properly authenticated and certified originals being filed on December 1, 1997. Peryea v. United States,782 F. Supp. [28] See, IN THE MATTER OF THE EXTRADITION OF ALFREDO HODOYAN PALACIOS, U.S.D.C. QUIERE LIBERTAD, DEBE VIDAS. By Molly Moore. Peter Lupsha, an expert on drug trafficking and former professor at University of New Mexico, said this case suggests that a corrupt Mexican government thwarted previous drug investigations. Sign up for our free summaries and get the latest delivered directly to you. one strange rock gasp quizlet New Lab; glider timetable dundonald park and ride; 12 gauge 100 round drum; On the other hand, the formal statements of Soto and Cruz have significant detail concerning the personal background of the witnesses and the specifics of the offenses and related matters. [21] This evidence is certified by the principle diplomatic or counsular officer of the United States in Mexico and is received into evidence pursuant Article 10(6) of the Treaty and 18 U.S.C. United States District Court, S.D. These issues were analyzed under that premise. As to item 7, the sufficiency of the evidence, Respondent contends that the probable cause element has not been met and, therefore, there is no justification for his apprehension and commitment for extradition to Mexico. En septiembre de 2002, el Juzgado Cuarto de Procesos Penales Federales en el Estado de Mxico (antes Juzgado Primero de Distrito . Again, no more precise recantation of the specific events exists. 33) which is similarly denied for the reasons stated. Valdez moved the Court for release under the special circumstances doctrine. Miranda also identifies Respondent as the person depicted in various photographs reference as numbers 53, 54, 55, 73 and 74. The court, for reasons explained below, grants the petition, finding the detainee extraditable. That conclusion is based on the following analysis. 30). The two cars stopped in the village of San Mateo Atenco. Challenges to the testimony of Cruz, Soto, Vasquez, Miranda and Alejandro based upon the argument that they are conclusory, unreliable hearsay, and unreliable as presented by alleged codefendants or co-conspirators are rejected. View phone numbers, addresses, public records, background check reports and possible arrest records for Emilio Valdez. These latter efforts resulted in the formulation of the March 3, 1997 "declaration.". While the motion was denied, the Court did find good cause to order the production of further evidence described by the United States in its responsive papers as becoming available since the June 30, 1997 extradition hearing. The essential question is whether the indicia of reliability is on the recantation or the initial statement. Fernandez v. Phillips,268 U.S. 311, 45 S. Ct. 541, 69 L. Ed. There is no authority that exists that requires a magistrate judge to authorize compelled disclosures of explanatory information. Defendant Emilio Valdez-Mainero, represented by the Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc., seeks a 73 month reduction in his sentence on the basis of Amendment 782 to the Sentencing Guidelines which revised the Drug Quantity Table in U.S.S.G. "El Lobo" tambin fue capturado en los Estados Unidos junto con el tijuanense Emilio Valdez Mainero "El Radioloco", ambos extraditados a Mxico en enero de 1998 y tambin remitidos a Almoloya de Jurez. In that statement, Cruz was noted to have suffered multiple burns which were attributed to an incident several days before when he was inspecting the exhaust pipe of a vehicle. C. Fausto Soto Miller, aka "Chef" In his September 27, 1996[27] declaration before an agent of the Mexican Federal Public Prosecutor, Fausto Soto Miller, "Chef," (hereinafter *1221 "Soto") stated that he was aware of the personal problems between Valdez and Gallardo, arising out of a threat with a firearm against Gabriel Valdez made by Gallardo. During the drive, Contreras told Cruz that, "his friends in the white Volkswagen wanted to say hello to a fellow citizen who was in Toluca to train for boxing." Emilio Valdez Mainero seemed an appropriately upper-tier husband, but he too allegedly found employment in the Arellano Felix organization, recruiting 'young assassins who belong to Tijuana's . 13, 22 (D.Mass.1989). 25. [6] The Court also directed the United States to request from Mexico, a signed statement of Seargent Ruiz and evidence of all dates of arrest after September 1, 1996 of witnesses Soto, Alejandro Hodoyan, Francisco Cabrera Castro and Gerardo Cruz Pacheco.[7]. Mr. Vasquez states that the individuals acted suspiciously and carried long and short range firearms. Ultimately, Article 9 of the Treaty invests the "executive authority" with the final discretion.[17]. En 1995, su reinado lleg a su fin. In the Matter of Extradition of Contreras,800 F. Supp. November 4, 1997. Collins v. Loisel,259 U.S. 309, 315-317, 42 S. Ct. 469, 66 L. Ed. Cruz also said he transported weapons used in Ibarras slaying. 124 F.3d 1186, 1997 WL 624797 (9th Cir.). As a result, the Court finds Treaty compliance in this respect and denies Respondent's request for release on this basis. Fue en una de las celebraciones que conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, el hijo de un coronel que en su momento fue miembro de los guardias presidenciales. *1214 (3) First Degree Murder of Jesus Gallardo Vigil and Jesus Sanchez Angulo in violation of Article 302; Article 303, Sections I and III, Article 315 and Article 320 of the Penal Code for the Federal District. Arnbjornsdottir-Mendler v. United States, 721 F.2d 679, 683 (9th Cir. The purported March 3, 1997 declaration of Alejandro is false and its manner of production and presentation erode any potential reliability. The case against the implicated juniors spilled into U.S. courts after the Sept. 30 arrest of Emilio Valdez Mainero, 32, the baby-faced son of a deceased army colonel from Tijuana who, his widow . at 77, 78. If the drafters of the Treaty had intended the judicial officer to consider the admissibility and weight of the evidence under the law of the requesting party (i.e. A Supplemental Complaint was filed and Respondent was arraigned thereon on October 16, 1996. Soto extensively describes other, numerous criminal activities of the AFO. Emilio Valdez passed away Saturday, August 31, 2019. The interests of Mexico were represented by the United States through the United States Department of Justice, by United States Attorney Alan D. Bersin and Assistant United States Attorney Gonzalo P. Curiel. [5] This Declaration is filed in Case No. Discovery is not available in extradition proceedings. [37] Respondent criticizes Mexico for not filing this set of documents. Those issues will ultimately be resolved by the trial court, along with the sufficiency of the evidence regarding guilt. 563, 572 *1219 (S.D.N.Y. Miranda's statement was given to an officer of this Court. *1218 Respondent has been accused by Mexico of murder in violation of Mexican law. Since the evidence was undisputed it is not detailed extensively herein. Respondent has no right to rebut prosecutorial evidence (here, the basis and procedural compliance with the laws of Mexico as well as the determination of probable cause to issue the warrant in Mexico). They also indicated that their boss, Ramon Arellano Felix, would be pleased with the last job they had carried out. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO was represented by retained counsel Michael Pancer. The certificate is forwarded to the Department of State. En septiembre de 2002, el Juzgado Cuarto de Procesos Penales Federales en el Estado de Mxico (antes Juzgado Primero de Distrito . Bingham v. Bradley,241 U.S. 511, 36 S. Ct. 634, 60 L. Ed. Specifically, the tape of the interview with Miranda, all notes and interview sheets, and documentation concerning Assistant United States Attorney Curiel's agency on behalf of Mexico. Neely v. Henkel, supra. The document was written by Alejandro Hodoyan Ramirez, father of both Alejandro and Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios who is also an extraditee sought by Mexico. A full review of the evidence, however, is the provence of the trial court in the requesting nation. Emilio Ricardo Valds Mainero, (a) "Len" o "Ricardo Gonzlez Len", detenido el 30 de septiembre de 1996, en San Diego, California, por posesin ilegal de armas y de estupefacientes. at 1450-1451. B. Gustavo Miranda Santacruz On November 19, 1996, Gustavo Miranda Santacruz (hereinafter "Miranda") made a declaration before Assistant United States Attorney, Gonzalo P. Curiel, acting as Mexico's agent pursuant to a request under the mutual Legal Assistance Treaty that exists between Mexico and the United States. 00:15. 50). Simmons v. Braun, 627 F.2d 635, 636 (2d Cir.1980). The evidence tying Valdez to the murder of Gallardo and Sanchez itself, given the numbers of other individuals involved, supports the criminal association charge. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. 96-1798-M. United States District Court, S.D. 937 (D.Vt.1991); Jhirad v. Ferrandina, 536 F.2d 478 (2d Cir.1976). *1225 Seargent Ruiz' statement appears to confirm Soto's statement that he was arrested prior to the September 27, 1996 date set forth in the statements made to the Mexican authorities. The "recantations" from Cruz and Soto are in the form of testimony before a judge of the First District of Federal Criminal Proceedings in the State of Mexico. *1215 The sufficiency of the evidence (i.e., probable cause) will be discussed hereinafter. The Ruiz statement presents conflict with regard to dates of the arrest of some of Mexico's witnesses and is asserted to corroborate the use of torture in this case as well as create conflicts in Mexico's evidence in challenging the reliability of the evidence Mexico relies upon in this proceeding. 896 (S.D.Cal.1993). This latter evidence also results in a finding that any hostile action taken toward Alejandro and resulting in his disappearance and murder was more likely than not prompted at the direction of the AFO and not Mexico. An analysis of whether this Court should enact a humanitarian exception into foreign extradition begins with a recognition of the rule of non-inquiry. Respondent does not dispute that the Treaty requirements have been met with regard to these items with three exceptions. When the two cars arrived at the Holiday Inn in Toluca, Valdez got out of the white Volkswagen and told Contreras, "Be, cautious, wait for me here and when you see us going out from the parking lot in the white Volkswagen, you should form a `wall' so that we cannot be followed.". (4) Alejandro Enrique Hodoyan Palacios In his November 30, 1996 deposition, Alejandro not only discussed the murder of Gallardo and Sanchez, but he also discussed other criminal activity involving the AFO and including the activities of Respondent Valdez. 1978). Aparte de Kitty 'Pez', los que formaron el grupo de los "Narcojuniors" fueron Emilio Valdz Mainero, hijo de un guardia presidencial; Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, hijo de un importante empresario . [40] U.S.-MEXICO DRUG WAR: Two Systems Collide, New York Times, July 22, 1997. There is no credible evidence supporting the authenticity of this summary of testimony in the closed investigation in Mexico. In the instant case, Mexico has submitted, inter alia, sworn declarations of percipient witnesses and accomplices to the crimes alleged against Valdez. Sebastian Gutierrez Jaime, Olga Patricia Gonzalez Garcia, Juan Manuel de la Cruz and Pablo Garcia Martinez. A great number of questions exist, and many questions remain unanswered in this case. Citations Copy Citation. Respondent's objections to this evidence and his explanatory evidence have already been addressed, and rejected. Finally, Respondent filed FINDINGS OF MEXICAN LAW EXPERT RODOLFO GASTELUM PEREZ RE: ABSENCE OF PROBABLE CAUSE; SYNOPSIS; AND CURRICULUM VITAE which asserted procedural, substantive and constitutional infirmities under Mexican law in the extradition request and in the arrest warrant. The cohorts also said the Arellanos had on their payroll Mexican immigration agents who waved cocaine shipments across the border. The Ninth Circuit has held that self incriminating statements of accomplices are sufficient to establish probable cause in an extradition hearing. Article 3 of the Treaty says, in part: In this case, that means as defined in federal law. Defense counsel was provided for Mr. Soto for purposes of his testimony. [26] In Respondent's REPLY TO GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE RE: EXTRADITION AND REQUEST FOR DISCOVERY (Docket No. Soto acknowledges having signed the statement as well as affixing his fingerprints. No mention of torture or physical abuse is made. 0. Homicide is an extraditable offense under Article 2(1) and Appendix Part 1 of the treaty. [30] Respondent's Exhibits H, I and J, respectively, docket No. Whitepages people search is the most trusted directory. [18] In the original request, Mexico sought extradition on the firearm offense related to events and circumstances alleged to have occurred on April 13, 1994. 956 (1922). [38] Specifically, Cruz was charged with homicide and Soto was charged with possession of various *1224 weapons, and a narcotics related offense (possession of marijuana). 956 (1922). Bruton v. United States,391 U.S. 123, 88 S. Ct. 1620, 20 L. Ed. Support for the reliability of Soto's "recantation" (and by inference the other recantations) is offered by Respondent in an unsigned and uncertified declaration of First Seargent Vicente Ruiz Martinez, submitted on June 30, 1997 at the extradition hearing. In fact, the prevailing authorities are clear that: The decision to honor a request for extradition is "political", not "judicial". The power to make treaties is constitutionally invested in the executive branch of the United States government. Netflix lanz la ltima temporada de Narcos: Mxico, donde adems de los personajes que ya conocemos, hay UNA sorpresa: Bad Bunny. Defense counsel was provided for Mr. Cruz. 18 U.S.C. is indoor ice skating safe during covid; most common super bowl final scores; lynette woodard spouse; reelfoot lake fishing guides; emilio valdez mainero. The notes are identified by Augustin Hodoyan, Alejandro's brother. Actually, this declaration is not signed by Alejandro, nor was it written by Alejandro. Date published: Mar 20, 2013. 000012 dated January 3, *1213 1997. Zanazanian v. United States, 729 F.2d 624, 626-27 (9th Cir.1984). Article 11, itself, cites that urgency to arrest and detain an individual supports this initial procedure. As indicated previously, the extradition hearing is not a trial, nor a criminal proceeding providing respondent with rights available in a criminal trial at common law. In fact, it is the United States, on behalf of the Republic of Mexico, that is the moving party in this proceeding, pursuant to the subject Treaty. [2] An analysis under Parretti v. United States, 112 F.3d 1363 (9th Cir.1997) decided May 6, 1997 and amended August 29, 1997, well after the issuance of the provisional arrest warrant in this case, is unnecessary given the timely filing of the certified documents. [3] See Memorandum Decision Denying Bail Pending Extradition Proceedings filed 10/21/96 (Docket No. The Second Circuit affirmed the denial of the habeas corpus petition. If reliable, the recantations and the Ruiz statement would be evidence which would undermine the voluntariness of the statements offered by Mexico in their case in chief, and as a result, the evidence in support of probable cause for extradition. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Respondent") [1] is accused by Mexico of having been involved with or committing various crimes in violation of . Fue en una de las celebraciones que conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, el hijo de un coronel que en su momento fue miembro de los guardias presidenciales.Ms tarde contactaron . [12] Statement of Gerardo Cruz Pacheco to an agent of the Federal Prosecutor on October 12, 1996. 290 (S.D.Cal.1996). Pursuant to an extradition treaty between Mexico and the United States, Treaty 31 UST 5059, TIAS 9656 ("Treaty"), and under federal laws supplementing and implementing such treaties, 18 U.S.C. He ended up in the hospital with gunshot wounds he said were inflicted by a member of the Arellano organization. United States v. Valdez-Mainero. [36] A recantation of Francisco Cabrera Castro is also filed and argued to support Respondent's position. 2d 61 (1970). [13] The documents themselves do not have to filed in court by the 60 day period, only received by the United States. The interviews of Alejandro in the United States confirm the uncoerced willingness of Alejandro to provide testimony concerning the criminal activities of the AFO and Respondent's role therein. Ultimately, the United States sought to stay the proceedings for an additional ninety (90) day period. Mexico has filed the videotapes, the evidence concerning Respondent's statements regarding the 1997 abduction of Alejandro Hodoyan and the genesis of the March 3, 1997 Declaration by Alejandro Hodoyan, as well as the statements by Alejandro to U.S. agents. Miranda added that the motivation for assassination was that Gallardo had threatened Gabriel Valdez Mainero (Emilio Valdez Mainero's brother) with a firearm.[26]. At approximately 9:30 p.m. Valdez and Martinez encountered Gallardo whom Valdez planned to assassinate. (3) Fausto Soto Miller. See Reply to Extraditees Response to Extradition Request and Request for Release, Page 8, lines 1-5, inclusive (Docket No. The Federal Rules of Evidence and of Criminal Procedure do not apply to an extradition hearing. [15] The Treaty, in Article 11, and 18 U.S.C. (4) Preparatory Statement of October 2, 1996, at 6:00 p.m. before the District Judge of the Federal Criminal Proceedings in the State of Mexico, at the Federal Center for Social Rehabilitation Number 1, in Judicial Proceedings Courtroom Number One. [19]Neely v. Henkel,180 U.S. 109, 21 S. Ct. 302, 45 L. Ed. The Extradition Hearing was continued on several occasions after the January 14, 1997 filing, with the consent of the parties, to allow for further preparation and response to the evidence. He goes on to state that he signed it because he was subjected to psychological pressure and that it was a "lie". Defense counsel was provided for Mr. Cruz Vasquez identifies himself as a member of the AFO and states that in March, 1996, he had several visitors to his home, including Respondent Valdez, Martinez, and co-extraditee Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios. The request for a provisional arrest is based, in significant part, upon the existence of a warrant for the fugitive's arrest issued in the district of the authority making the request and charging the fugitive with a commission of crime for which his extradition is sought to be obtained. These statements are also corroborated in significant part by Alejandro's declaration. 18 U.S.C. Lastly, there is no authority that requires a magistrate judge to compel disclosure of explanatory information. Ahora me siento segura ya que me entero inmediatamente de todo lo que sucede, inclusive antes que mi abogado y que el abogado de . Magistrate No. Mexican officials wanted Valdez, 32, for allegedly gunning down an aspiring boxer over a personal grudge in 1996 at a Holiday Inn in the state of Mexico. United States ex rel Sakaguchi v. Kaulukukui, 520 F.2d 726, 730-731 (9th Cir.1975). the arrest dates of Soto and Cruz), is unpersuasive as offered to totally obliterate probable cause under a Contreras analysis. The court, for reasons explained below, grants the petition, finding the detainee extraditable. [45] The physical injuries to Cruz are certainly suspicious in this regard. These declarations bear even greater indicia of competency than the police reports accepted as competent evidence in Zanazanian. Esta clula del crtel de Tijuana volvi a la luz por la nueva temporada de la serie de Netflix After the statements of September 27, 1996, a medical doctor examined Soto and found no traces of any recent physical wounds. [42] See RESPONSE TO REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN SUPPORT OF EXTRADITION (Docket No. Several days went by before Cruz met with Valdez, Martinez, Contreras and Cabrera. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO was represented by retained counsel Michael Pancer. Mr. Vasquez testified based upon his acquaintance and interaction with Respondent and his involvement in the events he describes. There is no evidence, however, in this regard. Twenty-eight days after he took office, Ibarra, along with two government agents and a taxi driver, was gunned down in a cab outside Mexico Citys airport. Cruz identifies photographs numbered 53, 54 and 55, respectively as depictions of Respondent Valdez. The witnesses go on to attribute a number of other incidents based upon their personal knowledge occurring since 1994 which are competent for a finding of probable cause on this charge as well. 1274 (1913); Glucksman v. Henkel,221 U.S. 508, 512, 31 S. Ct. 704, 55 L. Ed. California. There is no evidence to suggest that the United States no longer honors the treaty or that its purpose and intent are no longer served. 1983). This evidence is clearly contradictory and inadmissible under Collins v. Loisel,259 U.S. 309, 315-317, 42 S. Ct. 469, 66 L. Ed. Specifically, Respondent submits that the Treaty is invalid because the use of torture in Mexico in obtaining evidence, including the evidence in this matter, is contrary to the law of the United States. Valdezs attorney said some of the statements were extracted under torture. Background. 3190 having been properly and legally certified and authenticated by Bruce A. Beardsley, principal counsular officer of the U.S. in Mexico. In fact, in the statement to the district judge on October 2, 1996, Mr. Soto indicates that he has no physical defects. A significant portion of the mens statements were taken in Mexico by officials putting together the case against Valdez and his companion at the time of his arrest, 25-year-old Alfredo Hodoyan de Palacios. For the reasons set forth in the Memorandum Decision Denying Bail (see footnote 1), the Court finds that the offense of carrying a firearm exclusive to the Army, Navy and Air Force lacks dual criminality and petitioner fails in its burden regarding extradition on that matter.[18]. [48] Evidence submitted in this regard includes the "recantations" regarding the use of torture to extract statements from the witnesses as well as the alleged abduction of Alejandro. Argument, inference and innuendo is all that has really been presented here. It is asserted that the videotapes demonstrate Alejandro's demeanor and rebut the assertion that Alejandro testified as a result of any torture or duress. Specifically, their testimony is summarized as follows: A. Gerardo Cruz Pacheco, aka "Capitan," On October 12, 1996 at 1:00 p.m.,[23] Gerardo Cruz Pacheco, aka "Capitan," (hereinafter "Cruz"), made a signed statement before Alma Leticia Lares Tenorio, an agent of the Mexican Federal Public Prosecutor. 3184, et seq., in order to extradite the Respondent, the United States, on behalf of the Republic of Mexico, must establish that: (1) The judicial officer is authorized to conduct extradition proceedings; (2) The court has jurisdiction over the respondent; (3) The applicable treaty is in full force and effect; (4) The crimes for which surrender is sought are included within the terms of the treaty; and. Bingham v. Bradley,241 U.S. 511, 517, 36 S. Ct. 634, 60 L. Ed. Mexico contests the reliability of these recantations asserting that they are self serving, lacking in reliability and inadmissable as contradictory evidence. The holding in Gallina, however, offers no support for Valdez' claim. The court, for reasons explained below, grants the petition, finding the detainee extraditable. 39); and, SUPPLEMENTAL ORDER DIRECTING THE UNITED STATES TO FILE ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE filed September 12, 1997 (Docket No. Finally, the scope of admissible evidence in an extradition hearing is guided by the distinction between contradictory and explanatory evidence. The videotapes clearly demonstrate Alejandro's demeanor. A concern over the authenticity of the evidence offered by way of the Ruiz declaration is also present. *1209 *1210 *1211 *1212 Michael Pancer, Law Office of Michel Pancer, San Diego, CA, for Emilio Ricardo Valdez. 896 (S.D.Cal.1993). Court documents say the threat against assistant U.S. Atty. The Ruiz statement also describes the "detention" of Alejandro and Francisco Cabrera Castro, aka "Piedras". Covid-19 Mxico: Suman 218 mil 173 muertes y 1 milln 879 mil 713 personas se han recuperado | Cifras El director general de Epidemiologa, Jos Luis Aloma Zegarra, inform que se registran 21 mil 224 casos activos en el pas; se han aplicado 19 millones 951 mil 121 dosis aplicadas.. [1] Valdez was identified or described at various times and by different persons or in documentary evidence with nicknames or aliases. 3188 for a similar proposition. Otros de los jvenes reclutados tambin fueron personificados en Narcos Mxico 3, por ejemplo Emilio Valdez Mainero, hijo de un guardia presidencial, quien conoci a Ramn Arellano en una . 448 (1901); Simmons v. Braun, 627 F.2d 635 (2d Cir.1980); Charlton v. Kelly,229 U.S. 447, 461, 33 S. Ct. 945, 57 L. Ed. Family and friends will gather for his funeral services at 10:00 am on Saturday, September 7, 2019 at Lake Ridge In Bruton, the Supreme Court held that the admission of a co-defendant confession at a joint trial violates the defendants right to confrontation if the confession also incriminates the defendant. The allegations of torture supported by some of the self serving statements of the witnesses and some factual conflicts (i.e. Respondent also argues that Alejandro was abducted in the Spring of 1997 by representatives of Mexico which corroborates Mexico's alleged use of inappropriate force and means to secure evidence in this case. In Gallina, commissioner found the appellant subject to the extradition in Italy. In the statement to the judge, with the assistance of counsel, Cruz was asked by the Court if he desired to make a statement concerning the facts that are attributed to him in the subject statement. I Background. Specifically, Respondent sought "all witness statements submitted in General Gutierrez Rebollo's case to determine whether or not there is additional relevant testimony." 777 (N.D.Cal.1985). Neely v. Henkel,180 U.S. 109, 21 S. Ct. 302, 45 L. Ed. 44). [22] The individuals related to this case are often referred to in the evidence by nicknames. The . In the final analysis, this Court is required to look at the indicia of reliability with regard to the persuasiveness of this evidence. Therefore, the Court will certify the above and all documents admitted into evidence to the Secretary of State. As noted previously, Respondent also offers the expert opinion of Rodolfo Gastelum Perez which has been excluded under the analysis previously set forth.[31]. Thus, it has been held appropriate to permit evidence that tends to obliterate probable cause but not evidence which merely contradicts the same. En una de las fiestas conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, quien era hijo de un coronel que fue miembro de los guardias presidenciales, cuando existan. 5.1 is without authority and is unavailable in any event under prevailing authority. The proper authority for the political decision here is, of course, the Secretary of State. Otro de los reclutados fue Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, quien era hijo de un empresario prominente en Tijuana. denied, 405 U.S. 989, 92 S. Ct. 1251, 31 L. Ed. 24). 934 (D.Mass.1996). Emilio Valdez Mainero and Alfredo Hodoyan were linked to the Arellano Felix drug organization, which controls the lucrative drug corridor from Baja California into the United States. Respondent had indicated that a recantation by Vasquez would be filed, but no such document has been offered in evidence in this case. 3184, Ward v. Rutherford, 921 F.2d 286, 289 (D.C.Cir.1990) and Rule 74 of the Local Civil Rules of the United States District Court of the Southern District of California. [11] More fully identified as the "Criminal Code in local matters and for all the Republic in federal matters.". *291 Michael Pancer, Law Office of Michael Pancer, San Diego, CA, for Emilio Valdez Mainero. (2) A Preparatory Statement of October 13, 1996, at 7:50 p.m. made before the First District Judge of Federal Criminal Proceedings in the State of Mexico, at the Federal Center for Social Rehabilitation Number 1, in Judicial Proceedings Courtroom Number One. Mexico also argued that the document was not certified as required by the treaty and would be presumptively inadmissable. Lee tambin "Narcos Mxico 3": Bad Bunny ser un narcojunior del Cartel de Tijuana. The Courts have chosen to defer questions regarding the procedures or treatment that might await an individual on extradition to the executive branch because of its exclusive power to conduct foreign affairs. In response to this evidence, Valdez offers statements of Gabriel Valdez, Marci Ramirez Marin de Gonzalez and Eva Marin viuda de Pena. (2) Criminal Association between 1994 and September 14, 1996 in violation of Article 164, Paragraph 1 in accordance with Article 13, Section II, of the Penal Code for the Federal District;[11] and. Elias v. Ramirez,215 U.S. 398, 30 S. Ct. 131, 54 L. Ed.
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